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Email: 995873095@qq.com
袁翰轩(1999—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为新型肥料应用与评价;995873095@qq.com
为考察含腐殖酸磷酸二铵减磷施用对东北春玉米产量、磷素吸收利用及土壤供磷能力的影响,开展了田间小区试验。试验共设置不施磷(CK)、当地推荐施磷量下分别施用普通磷酸二铵(DAP100)和含腐殖酸磷酸二铵(HAP100)及减磷20%下施用普通磷酸二铵(DAP80)和含腐殖酸磷酸二铵(HAP80)等5个处理,测定了不同处理的春玉米产量及其产量构成因素、经济效益、植株磷累积量、磷肥利用效率、土壤有效磷含量及土壤中磷酸酶的活性。结果表明:与DAP100处理相比,HAP100处理的籽粒产量和经济效益分别显著提高5.47%和7.02%;HAP80处理的籽粒产量与DAP100处理的差异不显著,但DAP80处理的籽粒产量较DAP100处理的显著减产11.65%。与DAP100处理相比,HAP100处理的磷肥农学利用率、表观利用率和贡献率分别显著提高21.75%、22.70%和15.71%;HAP80处理的各磷肥利用率与DAP100处理的差异不显著,而DAP80处理的磷肥农学利用率、表观利用率和贡献率分别较DAP100处理的显著降低32.87%、30.91%和39.18%。在大喇叭口期、乳熟期和成熟期,HAP100处理的土壤中有效磷含量较DAP100处理的分别显著提高7.70%、10.60%和20.93%。冗余分析结果表明,春玉米产量和植株吸磷量与土壤中H2O-P、NaHCO3-Po及吐丝期土壤中有效磷含量呈正相关,而磷肥表观利用率与NaHCO3-Pi的正相关关系更明显。含腐殖酸磷酸二铵在东北黑土春玉米体系中可实现常规施磷条件下的增产增效,并在减磷20%条件下能够维持春玉米的产量和较高的磷肥利用率,其作用机制与维持土壤中有效磷供应和活性磷组分比例有关。
In order to investigate the effects of reduced phosphorus application of diammonium phosphate containing humic acid on spring maize yield, phosphorus uptake and utilization, and soil phosphorus supply capacity in Northeast China, a field plot experiment is conducted. Five treatments are established, including no phosphorus application (CK), application of conventional diammonium phosphate (DAP100) and diammonium phosphate containing humic acid (HAP100) at the local recommended phosphorus rate, and application of conventional diammonium phosphate (DAP80) and diammonium phosphate containing humic acid (HAP80) with a 20% phosphorus reduction. The spring maize yield and its components, economic benefits, plant phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency, soil available phosphorus content, and soil phosphatase activity are measured under different treatments. The results show that, compared with the DAP100 treatment, the HAP100 treatment significantly increases grain yield and economic benefit by 5.47% and 7.02%, respectively. No significant difference in grain yield is observed between the HAP80 treatment and the DAP100 treatment, whereas the grain yield under the DAP80 treatment is significantly reduced by 11.65% compared with DAP100 treatment. The agronomic efficiency, apparent recovery efficiency, and contribution rate of phosphorus fertilizer under the HAP100 treatment are significantly increased by 21.75%, 22.70%, and 15.71%, respectively. No significant differences in phosphorus fertilizer use efficiencies are found between the HAP80 treatment and the DAP100 treatment, while the agronomic efficiency, apparent recovery efficiency, and contribution rate of phosphorus fertilizer under the DAP80 treatment are significantly reduced by 32.87%, 30.91%, and 39.18%, respectively, compared with DAP100 treatment. At the bell-mouth stage, milky stage, and maturity stage, the soil available phosphorus content under the HAP100 treatment is significantly increased by 7.70%, 10.60%, and 20.93%, respectively, compared with DAP100 treatment. Redundancy analysis indicates that spring maize yield and plant phosphorus uptake are positively correlated with soil H2O-P, NaHCO3-Po, and soil available phosphorus content at the silking stage, while the apparent recovery efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer shows a more pronounced positive correlation with NaHCO3-Pi. The application of diammonium phosphate containing humic acid can achieve yield increase and efficiency improvement under conventional phosphorus application in the spring maize system on black soil in Northeast China, and can maintain spring maize yield and relatively high phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency under 20% phosphorus reduction. The underlying mechanism is associated with the maintenance of soil available phosphorus supply and the proportion of labile phosphorus fractions.
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