Bio:
Email: 1182934868@qq.com
王小蒙(1989—),男,硕士,工程师,主要从事新型肥料的研发与推广;1182934868@qq.com
为研究不同颗粒控失剂施用量对土壤中无机氮含量、玉米生长及产量等的影响,开展了田间小区试验。采用随机区组试验,共设置常规施肥(CK)、常规施肥+低量颗粒控失剂15 kg/hm2(L)、常规施肥+中量颗粒控失剂30 kg/hm2(M)、常规施肥+高量颗粒控失剂45 kg/hm2(H)等4个处理, 测定了不同施肥处理的土壤中无机氮含量及玉米植株农艺性状、生理指标、产量及其构成因素。结果表明:与CK处理相比,各施用颗粒控失剂的处理均能提高土壤的氮素供应能力,减少氮素损失;在抽雄期和灌浆期,土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮含量分别提高24.7%~36.4%、47.6%~56.8%和20.2%~30.3%、52.8%~72.5%;施用颗粒控失剂能显著提高玉米吐丝期和灌浆期的净光合速率,其中M处理的效果最佳;与CK处理相比,M、H处理显著提高了玉米穗长、穗粒数和百粒质量,籽粒分别增产12.7%、7.8%。在试验条件下,夏玉米种植区30 kg/hm2颗粒控失剂与底肥一次性施用,可实现高产与氮肥高效协同利用。
To investigate the effects of different application rates of granular loss-control agent on soil inorganic nitrogen content, maize growth, and yield, a field plot experiment is conducted. A randomized complete block design is adopted, consisting of four treatments: conventional fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization plus a low rate of granular loss-control agent at 15 kg/hm2 (L), conventional fertilization plus a medium rate at 30 kg/hm2 (M), and conventional fertilization plus a high rate at 45 kg/hm2 (H). Soil inorganic nitrogen content, maize agronomic traits, physiological indicators, yield and yield components are measured under different fertilization treatments. The results show that, compared with CK treatment, all treatments with the granular loss-control agent enhance soil nitrogen supply capacity and reduce nitrogen loss. During the tasseling and filling stages, soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents are increased by 24.7%-36.4% and 47.6%-56.8%, and by 20.2%-30.3% and 52.8%-72.5%, respectively. The application of the granular loss-control agent significantly increases the net photosynthetic rate of maize at the silking and filling stages, with M treatment showing the optimal effect. Compared with CK treatment, M and H treatments significantly increase ear length, kernel number, and 100-grain weight, with grain yield increased by 12.7% and 7.8%, respectively. Under the experimental conditions, one-time application of 30 kg/hm2 granular loss-control agent together with base fertilizer in the summer maize growing region can achieve both high yield and efficient nitrogen use synergy.