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Email: guoxinsong1028@163.com
郭新送(1987—),男,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事新型肥料创制方面工作;guoxinsong1028@163.com
为探索不同类型包膜尿素对油菜籽产量、氮肥表观利用率及土壤氮素供应的影响,开展了田间小区试验。试验共设置不施氮肥(CK1)、普通尿素分3次施用(CK2)、聚氨酯包膜尿素一次性基施(CRU1)、生物基包膜尿素一次性基施(CRU2)等4个处理,考察了不同类型包膜尿素的养分释放特点,以及不同处理对油菜生长指标、油菜籽和干物质产量、油菜氮素累积吸收量、氮肥表观利用率、0~20 cm耕层土壤中无机氮含量的影响。结果表明:聚氨酯包膜尿素和生物基包膜尿素的氮素累积释放率整体分别呈“S”形和直线形,初期氮素释放率分别为1.5%和3.5%,第21天氮素累积释放率分别为20.1%和27.4%;与CK1、CK2处理比较,CRU1、CRU2处理对油菜的叶片叶绿素相对含量、株高、绿叶数均有促进作用;与CK2处理相比,CRU1、CRU2处理的油菜籽产量提高9.2%~12.1%,氮肥表观利用率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高9.8%~11.3%、0.80~1.05 kg/kg,0~20 cm耕层土壤中硝态氮含量显著提高了5.70~6.26 mg /kg。两种包膜尿素一次性施用均可替代尿素分次施用,本着对土壤环境友好的原则,建议优选生物基包膜尿素。
To investigate the effects of different types of coated urea on rapeseed yield, nitrogen fertilizer apparent use efficiency, and soil nitrogen supply, a field plot experiment is conducted. The experiment includs four treatments: no nitrogen fertilizer application (CK1), three split applications of conventional urea (CK2), one-time basal application of polyurethane-coated urea (CRU1), and one-time basal application of bio-based coated urea (CRU2). The nutrient release characteristics of the different types of coated urea are examined, along with the effects of each treatment on rapeseed growth indicators, rapeseed and dry matter yield, nitrogen accumulation and uptake in rapeseed, nitrogen fertilizer apparent use efficiency, and inorganic nitrogen content in the 0-20 cm cultivation layer soil. The results show that the cumulative nitrogen release rates of polyurethane-coated urea and bio-based coated urea generally exhibite an "S"-shaped and linear pattern. The initial nitrogen release rates are 1.5% and 3.5%, and the cumulative nitrogen release rates reache 20.1% and 27.4% by the 21st day, respectively. Compared with the CK1 and CK2 treatments, the CRU1 and CRU2 treatments promote the chlorophyll relative content in leaves, plant height, and number of green leaves in rapeseed. Compared with the CK2 treatment, the CRU1 and CRU2 treatments increase rapeseed yield by 9.2%-12.1%, nitrogen fertilizer apparent use efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen by 9.8%-11.3% and 0.80-1.05 kg/kg, and significantly increase nitrate nitrogen content in the 0-20 cm cultivation layer soil by 5.70-6.26 mg/kg. One-time application of both types of coated urea can replace split applications of conventional urea. Based on the principle of soil environmental friendliness, bio-based coated urea is recommended as the preferred option.
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