不同复合菌剂对奶牛牛粪-秸秆堆肥进程及效果的影响 - 202603 - 肥料与健康
不同复合菌剂对奶牛牛粪-秸秆堆肥进程及效果的影响
Effects of Different Compound Microbial Agents on the Process and Efficiency of Dairy Cow Manure-Straw Composting
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-7047.2026.03.006
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摘要:

为探讨不同复合菌剂对奶牛牛粪-秸秆堆肥进程及效果的影响,以奶牛牛粪和玉米秸秆为原料,开展了为期45 d的堆肥试验。试验共设置不添加复合菌剂(CK),添加0.5%(质量分数,下同)复合菌剂Ⅰ(T1)、0.5%复合菌剂Ⅱ(T2)和1%复合菌剂Ⅱ(T3)等4个处理,考察了不同处理的堆体温度、pH和有机质、腐殖酸、总养分含量等腐熟指标的动态变化,并采用隶属函数法对堆肥效果的评价指标进行了综合分析。结果表明,在奶牛牛粪-秸秆堆肥过程中,添加外源菌剂能够显著缩短发酵周期,有效促进堆肥腐殖化进程,提升堆肥效果。与CK处理相比,T1~T3处理提前4 d进入高温期,全周期的平均温度表现为T3(65.18 ℃)>T2(60.97 ℃)>T1(58.57 ℃)>CK(58.20 ℃)。与堆肥初期相比,T1~T3处理的堆体有机质含量显著降低了25.53%~35.04%,总养分含量显著提高了14.29%~23.87%;其中,T3处理的堆体总养分含量较CK、T1、T2处理的分别显著增加了10.26%~12.73%。堆肥结束后,T2、T3处理的碳氮比(C/N)均接近17∶1,腐殖酸含量分别较CK处理的显著增加了5.29%、8.73%;T1~T3处理的种子发芽指数分别为91.64%、95.74%和97.74%,均显著高于CK处理的(86.54%)。隶属函数分析结果表明,各处理对堆肥质量影响的综合效果表现为T3>T2>T1>CK,T3处理的提升效果最佳。

关键词:
Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different compound microbial agents on the process and efficiency of dairy cow manure-straw composting, a 45-day composting experiment is conducted using dairy cow manure and maize straw as raw materials. Four treatments are established: no compound microbial agent addition (CK), 0.5% (mass fraction, the same below) compound microbial agent Ⅰ (T1), 0.5% compound microbial agent Ⅱ (T2), and 1% compound microbial agent Ⅱ (T3). The dynamic changes of pile temperature, pH, and maturity indicators including organic matter content, humic acid content and total nutrient content are examined under different treatments. The evaluation indices for composting efficiency are comprehensively analyzed using the membership function method. The results indicate that adding exogenous microbial agents during dairy cow manure-straw composting can significantly shorten the fermentation period, effectively promote the humification process, and enhance composting efficiency. Compared with the CK treatment, the T1-T3 treatments enter the high-temperature phase 4 days earlier. The average temperature over the entire cycle follows the order: T3 (65.18 ℃) > T2 (60.97 ℃) > T1 (58.57 ℃) > CK (58.20 ℃). Compared with the initial stage of composting, the organic matter content of T1-T3 treatments decreases significantly by 25.53%-35.04%, while the total nutrient content increases significantly by 14.29%-23.87%. Among them, the total nutrient content of T3 treatment is significantly higher than that in the CK, T1, and T2 treatments by 10.26%-12.73%. At the end of composting, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of the T2 and T3 treatments is close to 17∶1, and compared with CK treatment, their humic acid contents increase significantly by 5.29% and 8.73%, respectively. The seed germination index of T1-T3 treatments are 91.64%, 95.74%, and 97.74%, respectively, all significantly higher than that of the CK treatment (86.54%). The membership function analysis reveals that the overall effects of each treatment on compost quality ranks as T3 > T2 > T1 > CK, with the T3 treatment demonstrating the most significant improvement effect.

Keyword:
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